一类复杂生产调度问题的基于符号演绎的调度方法

针对带有时问不确定件的复杂生产过程调度问题,提出一种基于符号演绎的调度方法.首先将时间的不确定性信息看作符号型数据,并提出一种用于处理这些符号型数据的基于不确定区间的符号演绎方法;然后将此符号演绎方法与遗传算法相结合,提出一种预排调度计划与实时调度规则相结合的调度方法来求解上述复杂生产调度问题.实验表明,将基于符号演绎的调度方法用于求解带有时间不确定性的复杂生产过程调度问题,能够取得较好的调度效果.     

智能称量系统与死区PID控制在烧结配料中的应用

烧结生产实践证明,烧结配料发生偏差是影响烧结过程正常进行和烧结矿产质量的重要因素。因此,精确配料是十分重要的。针对实际需要,将智能称量系统与带死区PID控制算法应用于对烧结配料系统的控制中,并详细介绍烧结配料系统运用智能称量系统与带死区PID控制算法来实现精确配料的控制过程。实践证明,该技术的应用取得了很好的控制效果,适合现场实际应用。     

多任务电镀线预测调度模型及应用

计算机控制的行车调度系统广泛地应用于先进制造系统中的材料搬运,电镀行车的调度方式,已经成为提高生产率的瓶颈问题。行车调度问题不同于古典的排序问题,已被证明为NP难题,迄今尚无法用数学模型直接求解。为了解决实际应用问题,本文提出了基于预测模型,采用在线滚动优化的调度方法。该方法提前计算出行车到达各个工位的具体时刻,并和行车实际到达各工位的时刻相比较,通过预测值和实际值的偏差,在允许范围内动态调整各工位的加工时间,以期兼顾产品质量和企业生产效率。通过生产线运用证明,在多批次小批量的生产过程中,采用该调度方法能提高生产效率近20%。实例表明,该调度方法是有效的。     

可靠的网格作业调度机制

针对网格环境的动态性特征,提出了一种可靠的网格作业调度机制(DGJS)。按照作业完成时间期限,DGJS将作业分为：高QoS级、低QoS级和无QoS级,不同QoS级作业有不同的调度优先权;基于资源可用性预测,DGJS采用基于可靠性代价的作业调度策略,将作业尽可能调度到可靠性高的资源节点;另外,DGJS对不同QoS级作业采用不同的容错策略,在保证故障容错的同时,节省网格资源。实验表明：在动态的网格环境下,较之传统的网格作业调度算法,DGJS提高了作业成功率,减少了作业完成时间。     

考虑库区吊机能力的板坯倒垛问题的建模与优化方法研究

研究了钢铁企业板坯库的板坯倒垛(Slab stack shuffling, SSS)问题. 与以往研究倒垛问题不同, 考虑了板坯存储各库区吊机能力的实际限制. 对该问题通过考虑实际约束, 以总倒垛次数最小为目标函数建立了非线性整数规划模型. 基于对问题特征的分析, 分别针对轧制项目间是否存在共同可选板坯的两种情况, 将模型变换为线性整数规划模型. 另外, 利用提出的问题性质, 降低了模型的求解复杂性. 实验结果表明, 对于实际的问题规模, 基于该线性整数规划模型的优化方法能有效地求得问题的最优解.     

智能单粒子优化算法

文中在传统粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法的基础上,提出了智能单粒子优化算法(Intelligent Single Particle Opti mizer,ISPO).与传统的PSO算法不同,该算法采用了一个粒子在解空间中搜索,粒子的位置矢量被分成一定数量的子矢量,并基于子矢量对粒子进行更新.在子矢量更新过程中,通过分析之前的速度更新情况,引入一种新的学习策略,使粒子在搜索空间中能够动态地调整速度和位置,从而向全局最优靠近.实验表明,此算法对大部分标准复合测试函数都具有很强的全局搜索能力,其寻优能力超过了国际上最近提出的基于PSO的改进算法.     

硬实时系统在强分区约束下的双层分区调度

文中研究了硬实时系统在强分区约束下的双层分区的调度问题,合理建立了强分区约束下的双层分区调度模型,给出了最坏情况下的分区任务集可调度的判定条件.同时,在此基础上,提出了与分区利用率匹配的分区设计方法,导出了该方法下的系统可调度利用率的最小上限.仿真实验表明,在严格实时的条件下,文中提出的方法相对于现有方法更具优越性,并提高了分区可调度利用率的最小上限.     

The distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem

This paper studies a new generalization of the regular permutation flowshop scheduling problem (PFSP) referred to as the distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem or DPFSP. Under this generalization, we assume that there are a total of F identical factories or shops, each one with m machines disposed in series. A set of n available jobs have to be distributed among the F factories and then a processing sequence has to be derived for the jobs assigned to each factory. The optimization criterion is the minimization of the maximum completion time or makespan among the factories. This production setting is necessary in today's decentralized and globalized economy where several production centers might be available for a firm. We characterize the DPFSP and propose six different alternative mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models that are carefully and statistically analyzed for performance. We also propose two simple factory assignment rules together with 14 heuristics based on dispatching rules, effective constructive heuristics and variable neighborhood descent methods. A comprehensive computational and statistical analysis is conducted in order to analyze the performance of the proposed methods.     

Truck scheduling at zero-inventory cross docking terminals

Handling freight at cross docking terminals constitutes a complex planning task which comprises several executive steps as shipments delivered by inbound trucks are to be unloaded, sorted according to their designated destinations, moved across the dock and finally loaded onto outbound trucks for an immediate delivery elsewhere in the distribution system. To enable an efficient synchronization of inbound and outbound flows, a careful planning of operations, e.g. by computerized scheduling procedures, becomes indispensable. This work treats a special truck scheduling problem arising in the (zero-inventory) cross docks of the food industry, where strict cooling requirements forbid an intermediate storage inside the terminal, so that all products are to be instantaneously loaded onto refrigerated outbound trucks. The problem is formalized such that different operational objectives, i.e. the flow time, processing time and tardiness of outbound trucks, are minimized. To solve the resulting truck scheduling problem suited exact and heuristic solution procedures are presented.     

Bicriteria robotic operation allocation in a flexible manufacturing cell

Consider a manufacturing cell of two identical CNC machines and a material handling robot. Identical parts requesting the completion of a number of operations are to be produced in a cyclic scheduling environment through a flow shop type setting. The existing studies in the literature overlook the flexibility of the CNC machines by assuming that both the allocation of the operations to the machines as well as their respective processing times are fixed. Consequently, the provided results may be either suboptimal or valid under unnecessarily limiting assumptions for a flexible manufacturing cell. The allocations of the operations to the two machines and the processing time of an operation on a machine can be changed by altering the machining conditions of that machine such as the speed and the feed rate in a CNC turning machine. Such flexibilities constitute the point of origin of the current study. The allocation of the operations to the machines and the machining conditions of the machines affect the processing times which, in turn, affect the cycle time. On the other hand, the machining conditions also affect the manufacturing cost. This study is the first to consider a bicriteria model which determines the allocation of the operations to the machines, the processing times of the operations on the machines, and the robot move sequence that jointly minimize the cycle time and the total manufacturing cost. We provide algorithms for the two 1-unit cycles and test their efficiency in terms of the solution quality and the computation time by a wide range of experiments on varying design parameters.